Water and the traveller
Contamination of water supplies is usually due to poor sanitation close to water sources,
sewage disposal into the sources themselves, leakage of sewage into distribution systems
or contamination with industrial or farm waste. Even if a piped water supply is safe at
its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap. Intermittent tap-water
supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect.
Travellers on short trips to areas with water supplies of uncertain quality should avoid
drinking tap-water, or untreated water from any other source. It is best to hot drinks,
bottled or canned drinks of well-known brand names -- international standards of water
treatment are usually followed at bottling plants. Carbonated drinks are acidic, and slightly
safer. Make sure that all bottles are opened in your presence, and that their rims are clean
and dry.
Boiling is always a good way of treating water. Some hotels supply boiled water on
request and this can be used for drinking, or for brushing teeth. Portable boiling elements
that can boil small quantities of water are useful when the right voltage of electricity is
available. Refuse politely any cold drink from an unknown source.
Ice is only as safe as the water from which it is made, and should not be put in drinks
unless it is known to be safe. Drink can be cooled by placing them on ice tather than adding
ice to them.
Alcohol may be a medical disinfectant, but should not be relied upon to sterilize water.
Ethanol is more effective at a concentration of 50-70 per cent; below 20 per cent, its
bactericidal action is negligible. Spirits labelled 95 proof contain only about 47 per cent
alcohol. Beware of methylated alcohol, which is very poisonous, and should never be
added to drinking water.
If no other safe supply can be obtained, tap water that is too hot to touch can be left
to cool and is generally safe to drink. Those planning a trip to remote areas, or intending
to live in countries where drinking water is not readily available, should know about the
various possible methods for making water safe.
sewage disposal into the sources themselves, leakage of sewage into distribution systems
or contamination with industrial or farm waste. Even if a piped water supply is safe at
its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap. Intermittent tap-water
supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect.
Travellers on short trips to areas with water supplies of uncertain quality should avoid
drinking tap-water, or untreated water from any other source. It is best to hot drinks,
bottled or canned drinks of well-known brand names -- international standards of water
treatment are usually followed at bottling plants. Carbonated drinks are acidic, and slightly
safer. Make sure that all bottles are opened in your presence, and that their rims are clean
and dry.
Boiling is always a good way of treating water. Some hotels supply boiled water on
request and this can be used for drinking, or for brushing teeth. Portable boiling elements
that can boil small quantities of water are useful when the right voltage of electricity is
available. Refuse politely any cold drink from an unknown source.
Ice is only as safe as the water from which it is made, and should not be put in drinks
unless it is known to be safe. Drink can be cooled by placing them on ice tather than adding
ice to them.
Alcohol may be a medical disinfectant, but should not be relied upon to sterilize water.
Ethanol is more effective at a concentration of 50-70 per cent; below 20 per cent, its
bactericidal action is negligible. Spirits labelled 95 proof contain only about 47 per cent
alcohol. Beware of methylated alcohol, which is very poisonous, and should never be
added to drinking water.
If no other safe supply can be obtained, tap water that is too hot to touch can be left
to cool and is generally safe to drink. Those planning a trip to remote areas, or intending
to live in countries where drinking water is not readily available, should know about the
various possible methods for making water safe.
Last one:What is friendship?
Next one:The process of ageing
声明:以上文章均为用户自行添加,仅供打字交流使用,不代表本站观点,本站不承担任何法律责任,特此声明!如果有侵犯到您的权利,请及时联系我们删除。
Hot degree:☆☆☆☆☆
Difficulty:☆☆☆☆☆
quality:☆☆☆☆☆
Description: the system according to the heat, the difficulty, the quality of automatic certification, the certification of the article will be involved in typing!
This paper typing ranking TOP20
登录后可见
用户更多文章推荐
- Are there strangers in space?2014-10-31
- Training elephants2014-10-31
- Waves2014-10-31
- What every writer wants2014-10-31
- The process of ageing2014-09-12
- The cost of government2014-09-12
- Space odyssey2014-09-12
- Adolescence2014-09-12
- Education2014-09-12
- Galileo reborn2014-09-12
- The sculptor speaks2014-09-12
- Exploring the sea-floor2014-04-01
- The hovercraft2014-04-01
- Patients and doctors2014-04-01
- The past life of the earth2014-04-01
- Non-auditory effects of noise2014-03-12
- Beatuy2014-03-12
- Bird flight2014-03-12
- Snake poison2014-03-09
- The stuff of dreams2014-03-09