说起安徽文化，大家想到的估计就是中国五大戏剧中的黄梅戏。那么，除了大家知道的黄梅戏，安徽四大剧种还有
哪几种呢？
When it comes to Anhui culture, it is estimated that Huangmei Opera is one of the five major
Chinese dramas. So, in addition to the Huangmei opera that we all know, what are the four major
operas in Anhui?
黄梅戏源于湖北、安徽、江西三省交界处黄梅一带的采茶调。梅戏唱腔淳朴流畅，以明快抒情见长，具有丰富的
表现力。表演质朴细致，以真实活泼著称。成为演绎、传播中国传统文化的重要手段。2006年5月20日，黄梅戏
经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
Huangmei opera originated from the tea picking tune in Huangmei area, the junction of Hubei, Anhui
and Jiangxi provinces. Mei Opera is simple and fluent in singing, and has rich expressive power.
The performance is simple and meticulous, famous for its real and lively. It has become an import-
ant means to deduce and spread Chinese traditional culture. On May 20, 2006, Huangmei opera was
approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural
heritage list.
黄梅戏的唱腔属板式变化体，有花腔、彩腔、主调三大腔系。花腔以演小戏为主，曲调健康朴实，优美欢快，具
有浓厚的生活气息和民歌小调色彩；彩腔曲调欢畅，曾在花腔小戏中广泛使用；主调是黄梅戏传统正本大戏常用
的唱腔，有平词、火攻、二行、三行之分，其中平词是正本戏中最主要的唱腔，曲调严肃庄重，优美大方。黄梅
戏以抒情见长，韵味丰厚，唱腔纯朴清新，细腻动人，以明快抒情见长，具有丰富的表现力，且通俗易懂，深受
各地群众的喜爱。
The aria of Huangmei Opera belongs to the plate type variety, which has three major tunes: Huaqiang
, caiqiang and main tune. Huaqiang mainly plays small operas. The tunes are healthy, simple, beaut-
iful and joyful, with strong life atmosphere and folk song color. The tunes of Huaqiang are joyful,
which have been widely used in Huaqiang small operas. The main tune is commonly used in Huangmei
Opera's traditional original large operas, which is divided into flat words, fire attack, two lines
and three lines. Among them, flat words are the most important tunes in the original operas. The
tunes are solemn and beautiful Fang. Huangmei Opera is lyrical, rich in charm, simple and fresh
singing, delicate and moving, bright lyric, rich in expressive force, and easy to understand, loved
by people everywhere.
泗州戏是安徽省四大汉族戏曲剧种之一，原名拉魂腔。泗州戏是与徽剧、黄梅戏、庐剧并列的安徽四大优秀剧种之一，她具有深厚的群众基础和丰富的文化底蕴，以优美的唱腔，动听的旋律，唱响淮河两岸，大江南北。
Sizhou opera is one of the four major operas of Han nationality in Anhui Province. Sizhou opera is
one of the four outstanding plays in Anhui Province, which are juxtaposed with Anhui opera, Huangm
-ei Opera and Luju opera. It has a profound mass foundation and rich cultural heritage. With
beautiful singing and melodies, it plays on both sides of the Huaihe River, North and south of the
river.
泗州戏的形成说法不一，许多人认为它发源于苏北海州一带，原是当地农民以“猎户腔”和“太平歌”等民间曲
调即兴演唱的小戏，后传入泗州(当时的州治今泗县县城，辖境约今安徽泗县、五河、明光、江苏泗洪、盱眙)并
吸收当地民间演唱艺术，形成安徽的“拉魂腔”——泗州戏。1920年前后，泗州戏才有固定的班社演出，并开始
进入城市。
There are different opinions on the formation of Sizhou opera. Many people think that it originated
in Haizhou, Northern Jiangsu Province. It was originally a small opera that local farmers improvised
with folk tunes such as "Hunter's tune" and "Taiping song". Later, it was spread to Sizhou (then the
state governs the present Sixian County, governing the present Sixian County, Wuhe, Mingguang,
Sihong, Xuyi, Jiangsu) and absorbed the local folk singing art, forming the "La La" in Anhui
Province Soul cavity "- Sizhou opera. Around 1920, Sizhou opera had a fixed troupe performance and
began to enter the city.
徽剧是一种重要的汉族地方戏曲，主要流行于古徽州府一府六县(歙县、黟县、休宁、婺源、绩溪、祁门)和安庆
市一带。明末清初，乱弹声腔传入安徽一带，与地方声腔及民间音乐结合，在安庆府的石牌、枞阳、桐城等地形
成拨子。
Huizhou opera is an important local opera of the Han nationality, which is mainly popular in six
counties (she County, she County, Xiuning, Wuyuan, Jixi, Qimen) and Anqing. At the end of Ming
Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, random playing tunes were introduced into Anhui Province,
combined with local tunes and folk music, and played in Shipai, Zongyang, Tongcheng and other
places in Anqing Prefecture.
徽剧的音乐唱腔可分徽昆和吹腔与拨子、二簧、西皮、花腔小调等类。徽昆以演武戏为主，多用唢呐、锣鼓，气
势宏大。吹腔兼有曲牌体和板腔体形式，以笛和小唢呐为主奏乐器。拨子用枣木梆击节，以唢呐、笛、徽胡伴奏。
二簧以徽胡为主奏乐器，有导板、原板、回龙、流水等板式。
The musical aria of Hui opera can be divided into Hui Kun, blowing tune and plucking tune, er Huang,
xipi, Huaqiang minor and so on. Huikun mainly performs martial arts, mostly using suona, gongs and
drums. There are both Qupai style and banqiang style, with flute and small suona as the main instr-
uments. The plucking sticks are banged with jujube wood, accompanied by suona, flute and Huihu.
Erhuang mainly plays Huihu musical instrument, including guide plate, original plate, Huilong,
water plate, etc.
庐剧流行于以合肥为中心的江淮一带和大别山区，包括六安、淮南、巢湖、滁州、芜湖等地。因其创作、演出活
动中心在皖中一带，古属庐州管辖，故于1955年3月改称“庐剧”。庐剧有约200年的历史，清乾隆、嘉庆年间已
有职业班社。初以大别山民歌和江淮之间歌舞为基础，在发展中吸收了阜南的嗨子戏，寿县、凤阳的端公戏，无
为的徽剧及肥东、巢湖等地门歌的唱腔和剧目。有些班社又分别同徽剧、京剧合班演出，并受其影响，逐渐发展
成庐剧。
Lu Opera is popular in the Jianghuai area and Dabie Mountain area with Hefei as the center, includ-
ing Lu'an, Huainan, Chaohu, Chuzhou, Wuhu and other places. The center of its creation and perfor-
mance activities was located in the middle of Anhui Province, under the jurisdiction of Luzhou in
ancient times, so it was renamed "Lu Opera" in March 1955. Lu opera has a history of about 200
years. There were professional troupes in Qianlong and Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty. At the begin-
ning, based on the song and dance between Dabie mountain folk songs and Jianghuai River, we absorb-
ed the tunes and repertoires of Haizi opera in Funan, Duangong opera in Shouxian county and Feng-
yang, Wuwei opera, Feidong and Chaohu folk songs. Some troupes performed together with Hui opera
and Peking Opera, and gradually developed into Lu opera.
庐剧在安徽因地域不同，形成了上、中、下三路，即3个流派。上路(西路)，以六安为中心，音乐粗犷高亢，跌宕
起伏，具有山区特色。下路(东路)，以芜湖为中心，音乐清秀婉转，细腻平和，具有水乡特色。中路以合肥为中
心，音乐兼有上路、下路两地特色。庐剧是与徽剧、黄梅戏、泗州戏并列的安徽四大优秀剧种之一。
Lu Opera in Anhui Province, due to different regions, has formed three ways, that is, three schools
. Shanglu (West Road), with Lu'an as the center, has rough and high music, ups and downs, with
mountain characteristics. Xialu (East Road), with Wuhu as the center, has beautiful and graceful
music, delicate and peaceful, with the characteristics of water town. The middle road takes Hefei as
the center, and the music has the characteristics of both on and off the road. Lu Opera is one of
the four outstanding plays in Anhui Province, which is tied with Hui opera, Huangmei Opera and
Sizhou opera.